Let be a topological space.
Then is compact iff has a subbasis such that every open subbasic cover of (i.e. by elements of ) has a finite subcover. #m/thm/topology
Proof
The forward direction is trivially proven.
For the converse, suppose towards contradiction that is not compact but every subbasic open cover from has a finite subcover.
Let denote the set of all open covers of lacking a finite subcover partially ordered by inclusion.
By Zorn's lemma, has a maximal element , which itself is an open cover of admitting no finite subcover,
By maximality, if is an open set such that then has a finite subcover for some finite .
Now clearly does not cover , for if it did it would have a finite subcover.
Thus there exists some not covered by .
But since does cover , there exists some with .
Since is a subbasis, there must exist some finite collection of subbasic open sets such that .
Now , for otherwise would cover .
Defining as above and , it follows is a finite subcover of for any .
Let and .
Now for any , covers iff ,
whence for each and thus ,
implying is a finite subcover of ,
contradicting .
Therefore must be compact.