Formal sums over a vector space

Degree operator on formal sums over a vector space

Let 𝑉 be a vector space over 𝕂 and 𝑉{𝑧} denote formal sums over 𝑉. We define the 𝑧-degree operator1 #m/def/fcalc

𝐷=𝐷𝑧=𝑧𝑑𝑑𝑧,

where 𝑑𝑑𝑧 is the Formal derivative. This is not strictly a degree operator, as 𝑉{𝑧} is not a graded vector space, however its subspaces 𝑉[𝑧] and 𝑉[𝑧,𝑧1] are.

Properties

Over a graded vector space

Now taking 𝑉 to be 𝕂-graded with degree operator 𝑑 End𝑉, and letting

𝑣(𝑧)=𝑛𝕂𝑣𝑛𝑧𝑛𝑉{𝑧}𝑋(𝑧)=𝑛𝕂𝑥(𝑛)𝑧𝑛(End𝑉){𝑧}

we have

𝐷𝑣(𝑧)=𝑑𝑣(𝑧)(𝑛𝕂)[deg𝑣𝑛=𝑛]𝐷𝑋(𝑧)=[𝑑,𝑋(𝑧)](𝑛𝕂)[deg𝑥(𝑛)=𝑛]

With the formal Dirac delta

Let 𝛿(𝑧) 𝕂[[𝑧,𝑧1]] denote the Formal delta. Then it follows from Properties that for any 𝑣(𝑧) 𝑣[𝑧,𝑧1] and 𝑎 𝕂×

𝑣(𝑧)𝐷𝛿(𝑎𝑧)=𝑣(𝑎1)𝐷𝛿(𝑎𝑧)(𝐷𝑣)(𝑎1)𝛿(𝑎𝑧)

and that for any 𝑋(𝑧1,𝑧2) (End𝑉)[[𝑧1,𝑧11,𝑧2,𝑧12]] such that lim𝑧1𝑧2𝑋(𝑧1,𝑧2) exists and 𝑎 𝕂×

𝑋(𝑧1,𝑧2)𝐷1𝛿(𝑎𝑧1/𝑧2)=𝑋(𝑎1𝑧2,𝑧2)𝐷1𝛿(𝑎𝑧1/𝑧2)(𝐷1𝑋)(𝑎1𝑧2,𝑧2)𝛿(𝑎𝑧1/𝑧2)𝑋(𝑧1,𝑧2)𝐷2𝛿(𝑎𝑧1/𝑧2)=𝑋(𝑧1,𝑎𝑧1)𝐷2𝛿(𝑎𝑧1/𝑧2)(𝐷2𝑋)(𝑧1,𝑎𝑧1)𝛿(𝑎𝑧1/𝑧2)

where 𝐷1 =𝐷𝑧1 and 𝐷2 =𝐷𝑧2.


#state/tidy | #lang/en | #SemBr

Footnotes

  1. 1988. Vertex operator algebras and the Monster, pp. 56–58