Phonetics and Phonology MOC #flashcards/linguistics/IPA

Glossary of phones

Vowels

i ::: close front unrounded vowel
y ::: close front rounded vowel
ɨ ::: close central unrounded vowel
ʉ ::: close central rounded vowel
ɯ ::: close back unrounded vowel
u ::: close back rounded vowel
ɪ ::: near-close near-front unrounded vowel
ʏ ::: near-close near-front rounded vowel
ʊ ::: near-close near-back rounded vowel
e ::: close-mid front unrounded vowel
ø ::: close-mid front rounded vowel
ɘ ::: close-mid central unrounded vowel
ɵ ::: close-mid central rounded vowel
ɤ ::: close-mid back unrounded vowel
o ::: close-mid back rounded vowel
e̞ ::: mid front unrounded vowel
ø̞ ::: mid front rounded vowel
ə ::: mid central vowel (schwa)
ɤ̞ ::: mid back unrounded vowel
o̞ ::: mid back rounded vowel
ɛ ::: open-mid front unrounded vowel
œ ::: open-mid front rounded vowel
ɜ ::: open-mid central unrounded vowel
ɞ ::: open-mid central rounded vowel
ʌ ::: open-mid back unrounded vowel
ɔ ::: open-mid back rounded vowel
æ ::: near-open front unrounded vowel
ɐ ::: near-open central vowel
a ::: open front unrounded vowel
ɶ ::: open front rounded vowel
ä ::: open central unrounded vowel
ɑ ::: open back unrounded vowel
ɒ ::: open back rounded vowel

Consonants

Pulmonic

bilabial %% fold %%
- m̥ ::: voiceless bilabial nasal
- m ::: voiced bilabial nasal
- p ::: voiceless bilabial plosive
- b ::: voiced bilabial plosive
- p͡ɸ ::: voiceless bilabial affricate
- b͡β ::: voiced bilabial affricate
- ɸ ::: voiceless bilabial fricative
- β ::: voiced bilabial fricative
- ⱱ̟ ::: voiced bilabial flap
- ʙ̥ ::: voiceless bilabial trill
- ʙ ::: voiced bilabial trill
labio-dental %% fold %%
- ɱ ::: voiced labio-dental nasal
- p̪ ::: voiceless labio-dental plosive
- b̪ ::: voiced labio-dental plosive
- p̪͡f ::: voiceless labio-dental affricate
- b̪͡v ::: voiced labio-dental affricate
- f ::: voiceless labio-dental fricative
- v ::: voiced labio-dental fricative
- ʋ ::: voiced labio-dental approximant
- ⱱ ::: voiced labio-dental flap
linguo-labial %% fold %%
- n̼ ::: voiced linguo-labial nasal
- t̼ ::: voiceless linguo-labial plosive
- d̼ ::: voiced linguo-labial plosive
- θ̼ ::: voiceless linguo-labial fricative
- ð̼ ::: voiced linguo-labial fricative
- ɾ̼ ::: voiced linguo-labial flap
dental %% fold %%
- t̪͡θ ::: voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate
- d̪͡ð ::: voiced dental non-sibilant affricate
- θ ::: voiceless dental fricative
- ð ::: voiced dental fricative
alveolar %% fold %%
- n̥ ::: voiceless alveolar nasal
- n ::: voiced alveolar nasal
- t ::: voiceless alveolar plosive
- d ::: voiced alveolar plosive
- t͡s ::: voiceless alveolar affricate
- d͡z ::: voiced alveolar affricate
- t͡ɹ̝̊ ::: voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate
- d͡ɹ̝ ::: voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate
- s ::: voiceless alveolar fricative
- z ::: voiced alveolar fricative
- θ̠ ::: voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative
- ð̠ ::: voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative
- ɹ ::: voiced alveolar approximant
- ɾ̥ ::: voiceless alveolar tap
- ɾ ::: voiced alveolar tap
- r̥ ::: voiceless alveolar trill
- r ::: voiced alveolar trill
- tɬ ::: voiceless alveolar lateral affricate
- dɮ ::: voiced alveolar lateral affricate
- ɬ ::: voiceless alveolar lateral fricative
- ɮ ::: voiced alveolar lateral fricative
- l ::: voiced alveolar lateral approximant
- ɺ̥ ::: voiceless alveolar lateral flap
- ɺ ::: voiced alveolar lateral flap
post-alveolar %% fold %%
- t̠ʃ ::: voiceless post-alveolar affricate
- d̠ʒ ::: voiced post-alveolar affricate
- t̠ɹ̠̊˔ ::: voiceless post-alveolar non-sibilant affricate
- d̠ɹ̠˔ ::: voiced post-alveolar non-sibilant affricate
- ʃ ::: voiceless post-alveolar fricative
- ʒ ::: voiced post-alveolar fricative
- ɹ̠̊˔ ::: voiceless post-alveolar non-sibilant fricative
- ɹ̠˔ ::: voiced post-alveolar non-sibilant fricative
retroflex %% fold %%
- ɳ̊ ::: voiceless retroflex nasal
- ɳ ::: voiced retroflex nasal
- ʈ ::: voiceless retroflex plosive
- ɖ ::: voiced retroflex plosive
- ʈʂ ::: voiceless retroflex affricate
- ɖʐ ::: voiced retroflex affricate
- ʂ ::: voiceless retroflex fricative
- ʐ ::: voiced retroflex fricative
- ɻ̊˔ ::: voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative
- ɻ˔ ::: voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative
- ɻ ::: voiced retroflex approximant
- ɽ̊ ::: voiceless retroflex flap
- ɽ ::: voiced retroflex flap
- ɽ̊r̥ ::: voiceless retroflex trill
- ɽr ::: voiced retroflex trill
- tꞎ ::: voiceless retroflex lateral affricate
- dɭ˔ ::: voiced retroflex lateral affricate
- ꞎ ::: voiceless retroflex lateral fricative
- ɭ˔ ::: voiced retroflex lateral fricative
- ɭ ::: voiced retroflex lateral approximant
- 𝼈̊ ::: voiceless retroflex lateral flap
- 𝼈 ::: voiced retroflex lateral flap
palatal %% fold %%
- ɲ̊ ::: voiceless palatal nasal
- ɲ ::: voiced palatal nasal
- c ::: voiceless palatal plosive
- ɟ ::: voiced palatal plosive
- tɕ ::: voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate
- dʑ ::: voiced alveolo-palatal affricate
- cç ::: voiceless palatal non-sibilant affricate
- ɟʝ ::: voiced palatal non-sibilant affricate
- ɕ ::: voiceless palatal fricative
- ʑ ::: voiced palatal fricative
- ç ::: voiceless palatal non-sibilant fricative
- ʝ ::: voiced palatal non-sibilant fricative
- j ::: voiced palatal approximant
- c𝼆 ::: voiceless palatal lateral affricate
- ɟʎ̝ ::: voiced palatal lateral affricate
- 𝼆 ::: voiceless palatal lateral fricative
- ʎ̝ ::: voiced palatal lateral fricative
- ʎ ::: voiced palatal lateral approximant
- ʎ̆ ::: voiced palatal lateral flap
velar %% fold %%
- ŋ̊ ::: voiceless velar nasal
- ŋ ::: voiced velar nasal
- k ::: voiceless velar plosive
- ɡ ::: voiced velar plosive
- kx ::: voiceless velar affricate
- ɡɣ ::: voiced velar affricate
- x ::: voiceless velar fricative
- ɣ ::: voiced velar fricative
- ɰ ::: voiced velar approximant
- ɡ̆ ::: voiced velar tap
- k𝼄 ::: voiceless velar lateral affricate
- ɡʟ̝ ::: voiced velar lateral affricate
- 𝼄 ::: voiceless velar lateral fricative
- ʟ̝ ::: voiced velar lateral fricative
- ʟ ::: voiced velar lateral approximant
- ʟ̆ ::: voiced velar lateral tap
uvular %% fold %%
- ɴ ::: voiced uvular nasal
- q ::: voiceless uvular plosive
- ɢ ::: voiced uvular plosive
- qχ ::: voiceless uvular affricate
- ɢʁ ::: voiced uvular affricate
- χ ::: voiceless uvular fricative
- ʁ ::: voiced uvular fricative
- ɢ̆ ::: voiced uvular tap/flap
- ʀ̥ ::: voiceless uvular trill
- ʀ ::: voiced uvular trill
- ʟ̠ ::: voiced uvular lateral approximant
pharyngeal %% fold %%
- ʡ ::: epiglottal plosive
- ʡʜ ::: voiceless epiglottal affricate
- ʡʢ ::: voiced epiglottal affricate
- ħ ::: voiceless pharyngeal fricative
- ʕ ::: voiced pharyngeal fricative
- ʡ̆ ::: voiced epiglottal tap
- ʜ ::: voiceless epiglottal trill
- ʢ ::: voiced epiglottal trill
glottal %% fold %%
- ʔ ::: glottal stop
- ʔh ::: voiceless glottal affricate
- h ::: voiceless glottal fricative
- ɦ ::: voiced glottal fricative
- ʔ̞ ::: creaky-voiced glottal approximant
co-articulated %% fold %%
- n͡m ::: voiced labial-alveolar nasal
- t͡p ::: voiceless labial-alveolar plosive
- d͡b ::: voiced labial-alveolar plosive
- ŋ͡m ::: voiced labial-velar nasal
- k͡p ::: voiceless labial-velar plosive
- ɡ͡b ::: voiced labial-velar plosive
- q͡ʡ ::: voiceless uvular-epiglottal plosive
- ɥ̊ ::: voiceless labial-palatal fricative
- ɥ ::: voiced labial-palatal approximant
- ʍ ::: voiceless labial-velar fricative
- w ::: voiced labial-velar approximant
- ɧ ::: Sj-sound
- ɫ ::: velarised alveolar lateral approximant

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