OIcel weak verbs
As with the PGmc weak verbs they descend from, the distinguishing feature of the OIcel weak verb is a dental suffix in the past tense. However there is variation in the dental suffix used:
ð / {V r f [+voice +fricative]}_d / [+voice -fricative]_t / {l [-voice]}_
Subclasses
The following classification is used in Norröne Grammatik im Überblick
| Haugen | Traditional | PNGmc |
|---|---|---|
| OIcel telja-class | I.a | ja |
| OIcel dǿma-class | I.b | ija |
| OIcel kasta-class | II | ō |
| OIcel duga-class | III | ē |
Basic paradigm
As with Common features, all OIcel weak verbs take identical1 endings in the finite past, however variation of the stem in these forms did vary.
| pret. | indic. | subj. |
|---|---|---|
| 1sg | -d-a | -d-a |
| 2sg | -d-ir | -d-ir |
| 3sg | -d-i | -d-i |
| 1pl | -d-um | -d-im |
| 2pl | -d-uð | -d-ið |
| 3pl | -d-u | -d-i |
The present varied more widely, but may be summarised as
| pres. | indic. | subj. |
|---|---|---|
| 1sg | -∅/i/a | -a |
| 2sg | -(∅/i/a)r | -ir |
| 3sg | -(∅/i/a)r | -i |
| 1pl | -(j/∅)-um | -im |
| 2pl | -ið | -ið |
| 3pl | -(j/∅)-a | -i |
Note that the OIcel subjunctive forms are common to all verbs.
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Footnotes
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up to dental suffix variation, see above ↩