Heisenberg algebra

Standard Heisenberg algebra for QM

Consider QM in nD. The Lie algebra over generated by the operators { 𝑖,ˆ𝑥𝑖,ˆ𝑝𝑖}𝑛𝑖=1 under the commutator is an example of a -graded Heisenberg algebra, with

𝔩0=𝑖𝔩𝑖=ˆ𝑥𝑖𝔩𝑖=ˆ𝑝𝑖

for 1 𝑖 𝑛 and 𝔩±𝑖 =0 otherwise, yielding the commutation relations

[ˆ𝑥𝑖,𝑖]=[ˆ𝑝𝑖,𝑖]=[ˆ𝑥𝑖,ˆ𝑥𝑗]=[ˆ𝑝𝑖,ˆ𝑝𝑗]=0[ˆ𝑝𝑖,ˆ𝑥𝑗]=𝑖𝛿𝑖𝑗

for 1 𝑖,𝑗 𝑛.

Canonical realization

The irreducible representation of the Heisenberg algebra given by the Heisenberg module 𝑀( 𝑖) gives the vector space [𝑥𝑖]𝑛𝑖=1 of polynomials in indeterminates {𝑥𝑖}𝑛𝑖=1 with

ˆ𝑥𝑖𝑓=𝑥𝑓ˆ𝑝𝑖𝑓=𝑖𝜕𝜕𝑥𝑓𝑖𝑓=𝑖𝑓

which concurs with the realization of QM in nD position-space.


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