Conjugacy classes of a symmetric group are determined by cycle structure

Conjugate of an 𝑛-cycle is an 𝑛-cycle

Let 𝛼,𝜏 ∈𝑆𝑛 where 𝛼 an 𝑘-cycle with the form

𝛼=(𝑎1𝑎2⋯𝑎𝑘−1𝑎𝑘)

where 𝑎𝑖 ∈ℕ𝑛 then the conjugate 𝜏𝛼𝜏−1 is given by

𝜏𝛼𝜏−1=(𝜏(𝑎1)𝜏(𝑎2)⋯𝜏(𝑎𝑘−1)𝜏(𝑎𝑘))

and is hence also a 𝑘-cycle #m/thm/group/sym

Proof

Let 1 ≤𝑖 ≤𝑘. Then 𝜏𝛼𝜏−1𝜏(𝑎𝑖) =𝜏𝛼(𝑎𝑖) =𝜏(𝑎𝑖+1mod𝑘). For any 𝑏 ∈ℕ𝑛 ∖{𝑎𝑖}𝑘𝑖=1, 𝛼(𝑏) =𝑏, so 𝜏𝛼𝜏−1𝜏(𝑏) =𝜏(𝑏). Hence 𝜏𝛼𝜏−1 maps numbers of the form 𝜏(𝑎𝑖) to 𝜏(𝑎𝑖+1mod𝑘), and leaves all others invariant. Thus

𝜏𝛼𝜏−1=(𝜏(𝑎2)𝜏(𝑎3)⋯𝜏(𝑎𝑘)𝜏(𝑎1))=(𝜏(𝑎1)𝜏(𝑎2)⋯𝜏(𝑎𝑘−1)𝜏(𝑎𝑘))

as claimed.

This is a lemma for Conjugacy classes of a symmetric group are determined by cycle structure.


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