A group action 𝜑:𝐺×𝑀→𝑀 is called effective or faithful iff the induced homomorphism Φ:𝐺→Aut(𝑀) is a group monomorphism. #m/def/group
Equivalent conditions include
𝑔𝑚=𝑚 for all 𝑚∈𝑀 iff 𝑔=𝑒
The terminology refers to the fact that if 𝐺 acts effectively then 𝐺 really does represent some group of symmetries of 𝑀 without redundancy.