Uniform continuity

Heine-Cantor theorem

Let 𝑓 :𝑋 𝑌 be a continuous function between metric spaces and 𝑋 be a compact. Then 𝑓 is uniformly continuous. #m/thm/anal

Proof

Let (𝑋,𝑑𝑋) and (𝑌,𝑑𝑌) be a metric spaces with 𝑋 compact, with 𝑓 :𝑋 𝑌 a continuous mapping between them. Let 𝜖 >0. By continuity, for every 𝑥 𝑋 there exists 𝛿𝑥(𝜖) >0 such that 𝑓(𝑦) B𝜖/2(𝑓(𝑥)) for all 𝑦 B𝛿𝑥(𝜖)/2(𝑥). Then the balls {B𝛿𝑥(𝜖)/2(𝑥) :𝑥 𝑋} form a open cover of 𝑋, so by compactness there must exist a finite set of points (𝑥𝑖)𝑛𝑖=1 whose balls cover the space, i.e. {B𝛿𝑥𝑖(𝜖)/2(𝑥𝑖)}𝑛𝑖=1 is a finite subcover. Then there exists 𝛿(𝜖) =min{12𝛿𝑥𝑖(𝜖)}𝑛𝑖=1 since it is the minimum of finitely many positive real numbers.

Now we will show that 𝛿(𝜖) meets the requirements for Uniform continuity. Let 𝑥,𝑦 𝑋 such that 𝑑𝑋(𝑥,𝑦) <𝛿(𝜖). Then 𝑥 B𝛿𝑥𝑖(𝜖)/2(𝑥𝑖) for some 0 𝑖 𝑛. Then by the triangle inequality

𝑑(𝑥𝑖,𝑦)𝑑(𝑥𝑖,𝑥)+𝑑(𝑥,𝑦)<12𝛿𝑥𝑖(𝜖)+𝛿(𝜖)𝛿𝑥𝑖(𝜖)

Therefore 𝑥,𝑦 B𝛿𝑥𝑖(𝜖)(𝑥𝑖) and thus by the original definition of 𝛿𝑥𝑖(𝜖) it follows 𝑓(𝑥),𝑓(𝑦) B𝜖/2(𝑓(𝑥𝑖)). Thus 𝑑(𝑓(𝑥),𝑓(𝑦)) <𝜖 as required.


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